Polity – GK Questions

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polity hard mcq puttaswamy case - privacy and aadhaar authentication limits puttaswamy aadhaar proportionality critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In the Aadhaar judgment (Puttaswamy, 2018), the Supreme Court applied the proportionality test to balance privacy rights with state interests. Which use of Aadhaar was upheld as proportionate?

  1. Mandatory linking with bank accounts and mobile numbers
  2. Authentication for welfare schemes funded from Consolidated Fund and PAN-Aadhaar linking for tax purposes
  3. Mandatory use for school admissions and NEET/JEE exams
  4. All uses were struck down as disproportionate
polity hard fill in the blank sr bommai case - judicial review of presidential satisfaction sr bommai judicial review critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that Presidential satisfaction under Article 356 for imposing President's Rule is subject to ______ review, and courts can examine whether satisfaction was based on objective material, not political considerations.

  1. legislative
  2. judicial
  3. executive
  4. administrative
polity hard true/false minerva mills case - harmony between frs and dpsp minerva mills fr-dpsp harmony critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court emphasized that Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are complementary and harmonious, with FRs providing means and DPSP providing ends for establishing an egalitarian society, and neither can be given absolute primacy over the other.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq kesavananda bharati case - preamble as part of constitution kesavananda bharati preamble significance critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court overruled Berubari Union (1960) and held that the Preamble is part of the Constitution. What is the legal significance of this holding?

  1. Preamble can be directly enforced in courts like Fundamental Rights
  2. Preamble has interpretive value for resolving ambiguities in constitutional provisions and informs basic structure identification
  3. Preamble overrides all other constitutional provisions in case of conflict
  4. Preamble can be amended by simple majority in Parliament
polity hard fill in the blank maneka gandhi case - golden triangle of articles maneka gandhi golden triangle critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court established the 'golden triangle' of Articles ______, holding that laws affecting personal liberty must satisfy all three articles, not just Article 21.

  1. 14, 19, 21
  2. 15, 16, 17
  3. 21, 22, 23
  4. 32, 226, 136
polity hard true/false supriyo case - rights of queer couples despite marriage non-recognition supriyo queer rights critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Supriyo v. Union of India (2023), despite declining to legalize same-sex marriage, the Supreme Court affirmed that queer couples have constitutional rights to protection from discrimination, right to cohabit, and access to services without discrimination under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq anuradha bhasin case - digital free speech and article 19 anuradha bhasin digital free speech critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) extends to the internet medium. Which restriction under Article 19(2) was MOST relevant to the Court's proportionality analysis of internet shutdowns?

  1. Decency or morality
  2. Sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State
  3. Contempt of court
  4. Defamation
polity hard fill in the blank shayara bano case - essential religious practices test shayara bano essential religious practices critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court applied the 'essential religious practices' test to hold that instant triple talaq is not an essential practice of Islam protected under Article 25, and thus can be regulated to protect ______ rights under Fundamental Rights.

  1. property
  2. gender
  3. economic
  4. political
polity hard true/false navtej singh johar case - constitutional morality vs social morality navtej singh johar constitutional morality critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court held that Constitutional Morality (constitutional values of dignity, equality, liberty) must prevail over social morality (majoritarian views) when they conflict in matters affecting fundamental rights.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq puttaswamy case - privacy and data protection framework puttaswamy privacy and dpdp act critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

Following the Puttaswamy judgment (2017), the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 was enacted to operationalize privacy rights. Which principle from Puttaswamy is central to this legislation?

  1. Absolute prohibition on data collection
  2. Proportionality test balancing privacy with legitimate state/business needs
  3. Complete exemption for government data processing
  4. Mandatory public disclosure of all personal data
polity hard fill in the blank sr bommai case - floor test as democratic standard sr bommai floor test critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that ______ test is the primary method to test whether a State government enjoys majority support in the Assembly, and Governor cannot dismiss Ministry without testing majority on Assembly floor.

  1. opinion poll
  2. floor
  3. judicial inquiry
  4. presidential reference
polity hard true/false minerva mills case - limited amending power minerva mills limited amending power critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court held that Parliament's amending power under Article 368 is limited, and amendments that destroy the basic structure of the Constitution are unconstitutional, reinforcing the principle that constitutional supremacy prevails over parliamentary sovereignty.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq kesavananda bharati case - basic structure features kesavananda bharati basic structure features critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), which of the following was explicitly identified by the Supreme Court as part of the basic structure of the Constitution?

  1. Right to property as a fundamental right
  2. Parliamentary sovereignty without limits
  3. Supremacy of the Constitution and judicial review
  4. Unlimited amending power of Parliament
polity hard fill in the blank shayara bano case - triple talaq and article 14 shayara bano triple talaq critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court struck down instant triple talaq as violating Article 14 (right to equality) because it was ______ and manifestly unreasonable, not an essential practice of Islam protected under Article 25.

  1. traditional
  2. arbitrary
  3. ancient
  4. religious
polity hard true/false anuradha bhasin case - internet shutdowns and proportionality anuradha bhasin internet shutdowns critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court applied the proportionality test to internet shutdowns, requiring that restrictions on digital free speech be published, time-bound, subject to judicial review, and necessary for legitimate aims like national security.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq puttaswamy case - proportionality test application puttaswamy proportionality test critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court applied the proportionality test to balance privacy rights with state interests. Which of the following is NOT a step in the proportionality test as applied in this case?

  1. Legitimate aim: Restriction must pursue valid public interest
  2. Rational connection: Means must be suitable to achieve aim
  3. Absolute prohibition: Rights cannot be restricted under any circumstances
  4. Balancing: Benefits must outweigh harm to rights
polity hard fill in the blank navtej singh johar case - sexual orientation and article 15 navtej singh johar sexual orientation critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court held that discrimination based on sexual orientation violates Article ______, interpreting 'sex' to include sexual orientation, gender identity.

  1. 14
  2. 15
  3. 19
  4. 21
polity hard true/false joseph shine case - gender equality and marital autonomy joseph shine gender equality critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court struck down Section 497 IPC (adultery) as violating gender equality under Articles 14, 15, and dignity/autonomy under Article 21, holding that marital relationships must be based on mutual respect, not ownership.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq supriyo case - judicial restraint and legislative domain supriyo judicial restraint critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Supriyo v. Union of India (2023), the Supreme Court declined to legalize same-sex marriage, exemplifying judicial restraint in policy matters. Which principle best explains this approach?

  1. Courts should always defer to executive discretion
  2. Courts recognize limits of judicial expertise in complex policy design but assert role in protecting constitutional values against legislative/executive excess
  3. Courts have unlimited power to make policy decisions
  4. Courts should avoid all cases involving social issues
polity hard fill in the blank common cause case - passive euthanasia safeguards common cause passive euthanasia safeguards critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Common Cause v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized passive euthanasia and living wills subject to safeguards including medical board certification, judicial oversight, and ______ committee review to prevent misuse.

  1. political
  2. hospital ethics
  3. family
  4. parliamentary