Polity – Hard Level – GK Questions

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polity hard mcq puttaswamy case - privacy and data protection framework puttaswamy privacy and dpdp act critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

Following the Puttaswamy judgment (2017), the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 was enacted to operationalize privacy rights. Which principle from Puttaswamy is central to this legislation?

  1. Absolute prohibition on data collection
  2. Proportionality test balancing privacy with legitimate state/business needs
  3. Complete exemption for government data processing
  4. Mandatory public disclosure of all personal data
polity hard fill in the blank sr bommai case - floor test as democratic standard sr bommai floor test critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that ______ test is the primary method to test whether a State government enjoys majority support in the Assembly, and Governor cannot dismiss Ministry without testing majority on Assembly floor.

  1. opinion poll
  2. floor
  3. judicial inquiry
  4. presidential reference
polity hard true/false minerva mills case - limited amending power minerva mills limited amending power critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court held that Parliament's amending power under Article 368 is limited, and amendments that destroy the basic structure of the Constitution are unconstitutional, reinforcing the principle that constitutional supremacy prevails over parliamentary sovereignty.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq kesavananda bharati case - basic structure features kesavananda bharati basic structure features critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), which of the following was explicitly identified by the Supreme Court as part of the basic structure of the Constitution?

  1. Right to property as a fundamental right
  2. Parliamentary sovereignty without limits
  3. Supremacy of the Constitution and judicial review
  4. Unlimited amending power of Parliament
polity hard fill in the blank shayara bano case - triple talaq and article 14 shayara bano triple talaq critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court struck down instant triple talaq as violating Article 14 (right to equality) because it was ______ and manifestly unreasonable, not an essential practice of Islam protected under Article 25.

  1. traditional
  2. arbitrary
  3. ancient
  4. religious
polity hard true/false anuradha bhasin case - internet shutdowns and proportionality anuradha bhasin internet shutdowns critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court applied the proportionality test to internet shutdowns, requiring that restrictions on digital free speech be published, time-bound, subject to judicial review, and necessary for legitimate aims like national security.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq puttaswamy case - proportionality test application puttaswamy proportionality test critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court applied the proportionality test to balance privacy rights with state interests. Which of the following is NOT a step in the proportionality test as applied in this case?

  1. Legitimate aim: Restriction must pursue valid public interest
  2. Rational connection: Means must be suitable to achieve aim
  3. Absolute prohibition: Rights cannot be restricted under any circumstances
  4. Balancing: Benefits must outweigh harm to rights
polity hard fill in the blank navtej singh johar case - sexual orientation and article 15 navtej singh johar sexual orientation critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court held that discrimination based on sexual orientation violates Article ______, interpreting 'sex' to include sexual orientation, gender identity.

  1. 14
  2. 15
  3. 19
  4. 21
polity hard true/false joseph shine case - gender equality and marital autonomy joseph shine gender equality critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court struck down Section 497 IPC (adultery) as violating gender equality under Articles 14, 15, and dignity/autonomy under Article 21, holding that marital relationships must be based on mutual respect, not ownership.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq supriyo case - judicial restraint and legislative domain supriyo judicial restraint critical for upsc mains and current affairs exams

In Supriyo v. Union of India (2023), the Supreme Court declined to legalize same-sex marriage, exemplifying judicial restraint in policy matters. Which principle best explains this approach?

  1. Courts should always defer to executive discretion
  2. Courts recognize limits of judicial expertise in complex policy design but assert role in protecting constitutional values against legislative/executive excess
  3. Courts have unlimited power to make policy decisions
  4. Courts should avoid all cases involving social issues
polity hard fill in the blank common cause case - passive euthanasia safeguards common cause passive euthanasia safeguards critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Common Cause v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized passive euthanasia and living wills subject to safeguards including medical board certification, judicial oversight, and ______ committee review to prevent misuse.

  1. political
  2. hospital ethics
  3. family
  4. parliamentary
polity hard true/false nalsa case - intersectionality and transgender rights nalsa intersectionality critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In NALSA v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court recognized that transgender persons face compounded discrimination based on gender identity, caste, class, and directed intersectional approach in policies for transgender welfare, including reservation in education/employment.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq vishaka case - sexual harassment guidelines and international law vishaka sexual harassment guidelines critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court laid down guidelines to prevent sexual harassment at workplace. Which international convention primarily informed these guidelines?

  1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  2. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
  3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
  4. Convention on the Rights of the Child
polity hard fill in the blank chameli singh case - right to shelter chameli singh right to shelter critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Chameli Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1996), the Supreme Court recognized right to shelter as part of right to life under Article 21, holding that shelter includes not just roof over head but adequate living space, safe structure, clean surroundings, and access to ______.

  1. luxury amenities
  2. basic amenities
  3. private security
  4. international standards
polity hard true/false people's union for civil liberties case - right to food pucl right to food critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India (2001 onwards), the Supreme Court recognized right to food as part of right to life under Article 21, and issued continuing mandamus directions for implementation of food security schemes like PDS, mid-day meals, ICDS.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq p. ramachandra rao case - speedy trial and reasonable delay p. ramachandra rao speedy trial critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In P. Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court clarified the right to speedy trial under Article 21, holding that:

  1. There is a fixed time limit for all criminal trials
  2. No fixed time limit exists; courts must balance nature of offence, reasons for delay, prejudice to parties
  3. Speedy trial applies only to serious offences punishable with life imprisonment
  4. Delay automatically leads to acquittal regardless of circumstances
polity hard fill in the blank francis coralie case - right to life and human dignity francis coralie human dignity critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Francis Coralie Mullin v. Administrator, Union Territory of Delhi (1981), the Supreme Court held that right to life under Article 21 means right to live with human dignity, including adequate nutrition, clothing, shelter, and facilities for reading, writing, and expressing oneself.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true/false sunil batra case - prison reforms and human dignity sunil batra prison reforms critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1978, 1980), the Supreme Court recognized that prisoners retain fundamental rights under Article 21, and imprisonment does not mean deprivation of dignity, leading to directions for humane treatment, rehabilitation programs in prisons.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard fill in the blank board of trustees case - right to livelihood and regulation board of trustees right to livelihood critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Board of Trustees of the Port of Bombay v. Dilipkumar (1983), the Supreme Court held that right to livelihood is part of Article 21, but State can regulate livelihood in public interest with due procedure, illustrating balance between individual rights and ______ welfare.

  1. individual
  2. collective
  3. corporate
  4. international
polity hard true/false vellore citizens case - sustainable development principles vellore citizens sustainable development critical for upsc mains and judiciary exams

In Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996), the Supreme Court recognized sustainable development, precautionary principle, and polluter pays principle as part of environmental law under Article 21, balancing development needs with ecological sustainability.

  1. True
  2. False