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Which amendment added the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble?
- 24th Amendment
- 42nd Amendment
- 44th Amendment
- 86th Amendment
Answer: 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) added 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' to the Preamble during the Emergency. These additions reflected the commitment to social justice and national unity. [[1]]
The concept of 'Concurrent List' in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the ______ Constitution.
- Australian
- Mahayana
- Rajput
- Chagatai Turkish
Answer: Australian
The Concurrent List (List III in Seventh Schedule) allowing both center and states to legislate on certain subjects was borrowed from the Australian Constitution. It facilitates cooperative federalism. [[30]]
The 'Fundamental Rights' in the Indian Constitution were inspired by the US Bill of Rights.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Part III of the Indian Constitution (Fundamental Rights) was inspired by the US Bill of Rights. However, the Indian version includes socioeconomic rights and allows reasonable restrictions for public order. [[1]]
The 'Government of India Act 1935' provided the framework for which part of the Indian Constitution?
- Fundamental Rights
- Directive Principles
- Federal structure
- Emergency provisions
Answer: Federal structure
The Government of India Act 1935 provided the structural framework for India's federal system, including the division of powers between center and states, though the Constitution made it more flexible and democratic. [[30]]
The 'New Economic Policy' of 1991 included liberalization, privatization, and globalization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 1991 economic reforms, known as LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization), dismantled the License Raj, opened India to foreign investment, and integrated the economy with global markets. [[1]]
Which committee recommended the establishment of NABARD for rural credit?
- Sivaraman Committee
- Narasimham Committee
- Rangarajan Committee
- Chakravarty Committee
Answer: Sivaraman Committee
The Sivaraman Committee (1979) recommended establishing NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) to coordinate rural credit. NABARD was set up in 1982. [[30]]
The 'Mahalanobis Model' emphasized heavy industry development during the ______ Five-Year Plan.
- dancer
- Irish
- Soviet (USSR)
- Second
Answer: Second
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61), based on the Mahalanobis Model, emphasized heavy and capital goods industries to achieve rapid industrialization. It laid foundations for India's public sector. [[1]]
The first Five-Year Plan (1951-56) focused on agricultural development.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The First Five-Year Plan (1951-56) prioritized agriculture, irrigation, and power to address food shortages and stabilize the economy. It was based on the Harrod-Domar growth model. [[30]]
The 'Bombay Plan' (1944) was a proposal for India's economic development by:
- British officials
- Indian industrialists
- Socialist leaders
- Gandhian economists
Answer: Indian industrialists
The Bombay Plan (1944) was drafted by leading Indian industrialists including J.R.D. Tata and G.D. Birla. It proposed state-led industrialization and planning, influencing post-independence economic policy. [[1]]
India was a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India was a founding member of the WTO established on January 1, 1995, succeeding GATT. India has actively participated in WTO negotiations, advocating for developing countries' interests in trade. [[30]]
Which agreement established the 'Line of Control' in Jammu and Kashmir?
- Tashkent Agreement
- Simla Agreement
- Lahore Declaration
- Delhi Agreement
Answer: Simla Agreement
The Simla Agreement (1972) between India and Pakistan established the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir, replacing the ceasefire line of 1949. It committed both nations to bilateral resolution of disputes. [[1]]
The 'Gujral Doctrine' emphasized non-reciprocal generosity towards ______ neighbors.
- dancer
- Irish
- Mahalwari
- South Asian
Answer: South Asian
The Gujral Doctrine (1996), articulated by PM I.K. Gujral, emphasized non-reciprocal generosity towards smaller South Asian neighbors to build trust and regional cooperation, particularly with Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan. [[30]]
India conducted nuclear tests at Pokhran in both 1974 and 1998.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India's first nuclear test 'Smiling Buddha' was in 1974. The second series 'Pokhran-II' in 1998 declared India a nuclear weapon state, leading to international sanctions later eased. [[1]]
The 'Look East Policy' was initiated by which Indian Prime Minister?
- Rajiv Gandhi
- P.V. Narasimha Rao
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Manmohan Singh
Answer: P.V. Narasimha Rao
The Look East Policy was initiated by PM P.V. Narasimha Rao in 1991 to strengthen economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asia. It was later upgraded to 'Act East Policy' under PM Narendra Modi. [[30]]
The 'Annie Besant' Home Rule League was established in 1916.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Annie Besant established the Home Rule League in Madras in September 1916, demanding self-government for India. It complemented Tilak's league and mobilized mass support for Home Rule. [[1]]
Which international organization did India help found to promote Afro-Asian solidarity?
- United Nations
- Non-Aligned Movement
- Commonwealth
- SAARC
Answer: Non-Aligned Movement
India, under Nehru's leadership, was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (1961) to promote Afro-Asian solidarity and independence from Cold War blocs. The Bandung Conference (1955) laid its groundwork. [[30]]
The 'Berlin Committee' for Indian independence was formed during ______.
- Jai Hind
- B.R. Ambedkar
- land revenue
- World War I
Answer: World War I
The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, seeking German support for India's independence. It coordinated with the Ghadar Party for anti-British activities. [[1]]
The 'India House' in London was a center for revolutionary activities by Indian students.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India House (1905-1910) in London, founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma, became a hub for Indian revolutionaries like Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Madan Lal Dhingra, promoting armed resistance against British rule. [[30]]
Which country provided asylum to Subhash Chandra Bose after his escape from India?
- Germany
- Japan
- Italy
- Soviet Union
Answer: Germany
After escaping India in 1941, Subhash Chandra Bose reached Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. He sought Axis support for India's independence before moving to Southeast Asia in 1943. [[1]]
Subramania Bharati was a Tamil poet who advocated for women's rights and nationalism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Subramania Bharati (1882-1921) was a Tamil poet, journalist, and freedom fighter. His poetry advocated social reform, women's emancipation, and Indian nationalism, influencing Tamil literature profoundly. [[30]]