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Answer: Partition of India into two dominions
The Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947) provided for partition of British India into two independent dominions – India and Pakistan – with princely states free to join either. It was accepted by Congress and League. [[30]]
Answer: August 16
Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) called by the Muslim League led to massive communal riots in Calcutta, killing thousands. It marked the point of no return toward Partition. [[1]]
Answer: True
The Lahore Resolution (March 1940), moved by A.K. Fazlul Haq, demanded 'independent states' for Muslims in North-Western and Eastern India. It later became the basis for the demand for Pakistan. [[30]]
Answer: 1906
The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in 1906 to safeguard Muslim political interests. Initially loyalist, it later demanded separate electorates and eventually Pakistan. [[1]]
Answer: Malabar
The Moplah Rebellion (1921) occurred in Malabar district, Kerala, among Muslim tenant farmers against Hindu landlords and British authorities. It began as part of the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement but turned communal. [[30]]
Answer: True
Sardar Patel led the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) in Gujarat against increased land revenue. The successful non-violent protest earned him the title 'Sardar' from women of Bardoli. [[1]]
Answer: 1920
AITUC was founded in Bombay in 1920 under the presidency of Lala Lajpat Rai. It was the first central trade union organization in India, advocating workers' rights and linking labor movement with nationalism. [[30]]
Answer: World War I
The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, with support from the German government. It aimed to secure German aid for India's independence struggle. [[1]]
Answer: True
Rash Behari Bose escaped to Japan in 1915 after the failure of the Ghadar Mutiny and Lahore Conspiracy Case. He later played a key role in organizing the Indian Independence League and INA in Southeast Asia. [[30]]
Answer: United States
The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in San Francisco, USA, by Lala Har Dayal and other Indian expatriates. It aimed to overthrow British rule through armed revolution and published the 'Ghadar' newspaper. [[1]]
Answer: True
During Quit India (1942), parallel governments (Prati Sarkar) were established in Ballia (UP), Tamluk (Bengal), and Satara (Maharashtra), demonstrating people's capacity for self-governance. [[30]]
Answer: Both A and C
Individual Satyagraha (1940-41) protested Britain's unilateral declaration of India's involvement in WWII and the inadequate August Offer. Vinoba Bhave was the first satyagrahi, followed by Nehru. [[1]]
Answer: khadi
Gandhi's Constructive Programme emphasized khadi spinning, village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, prohibition, and basic education (Nai Talim) as means of social transformation. [[30]]
Answer: True
Gandhi fasted against the Communal Award's provision for separate electorates for Depressed Classes. The fast led to the Poona Pact with Ambedkar, ensuring reserved seats within joint electorates. [[1]]
Answer: Gujarat
The 'No Tax' campaign was particularly successful in Gujarat during the Civil Disobedience Movement. Peasants refused to pay land revenue, and the movement gained strong support from Patidars and other communities. [[30]]
Answer: Shivaji Jayanti
Tilak used Ganapati Festival and Shivaji Jayanti celebrations to foster national pride and unity against British rule. These cultural events became platforms for political mobilization in Maharashtra. [[1]]
Answer: True
The Surat Session (1907) witnessed a split between Moderates and Extremists over methods and goals. The division weakened the Congress until the Lucknow Pact (1916) reunited the factions. [[30]]
Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a Moderate leader who believed in constitutional methods. Tilak, Pal, and Lajpat Rai (Lal-Bal-Pal) were Extremists advocating mass agitation and self-reliance. [[1]]
Answer: Bombay
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president, and 72 delegates attended the inaugural session. [[30]]
Answer: False
During the Moderate phase, Congress sought reforms within the British framework, not complete independence. The demand for 'Swaraj' was formally adopted only at the Lahore Session in 1929 under Nehru's presidency. [[1]]