History – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

Thumri, a semi-classical vocal form emphasizing emotion and romance, originated in the Lucknow court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. It is often performed in lighter ragas and talas. [[30]]

The Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) began on March 12, 1930, with Gandhi walking from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. He broke the salt law on April 6, 1930, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. [[1]]

The Treaty of Paris (1783) ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing the independence of the United States from Great Britain and establishing its boundaries. [[1]]

Ancient Indian mathematicians developed the decimal place-value system and the concept of zero as a number. These innovations were transmitted to the Islamic world and Europe, revolutionizing mathematics. [[30]]

The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act 1856, supported by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, legalized remarriage of Hindu widows. It challenged orthodox customs and improved women's social status. [[1]]

The first successful modern cotton textile mill was established by Kawasji Davar in Bombay in 1854. It marked the beginning of industrialization in India, though primarily serving British economic interests. [[1]]

Hoysala temples (11th-14th century) at Belur and Halebidu feature exquisite soapstone carvings depicting deities, dancers, and mythological scenes. The soft stone allowed for detailed sculptural work. [[30]]

Thiruvalluvar composed Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text of 1,330 couplets on ethics, politics, and love. It is revered across religious and linguistic boundaries in South India. [[1]]

'Ahimsa Paramo Dharma' (non-violence is the supreme duty) is a core principle of Jainism. Jains practice strict non-violence towards all living beings, influencing Indian culture and Gandhi's philosophy. [[30]]

India's first general elections were held in 1951-52, with over 173 million eligible voters. The Indian National Congress won a majority, and Nehru continued as Prime Minister. [[1]]

Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) called by the Muslim League led to massive communal riots in Calcutta, killing thousands. It marked the point of no return toward Partition. [[1]]

The Moplah Rebellion (1921) occurred in Malabar district, Kerala, among Muslim tenant farmers against Hindu landlords and British authorities. It began as part of the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement but turned communal. [[30]]

The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, with support from the German government. It aimed to secure German aid for India's independence struggle. [[1]]

Gandhi's Constructive Programme emphasized khadi spinning, village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, prohibition, and basic education (Nai Talim) as means of social transformation. [[30]]

Tilak used Ganapati Festival and Shivaji Jayanti celebrations to foster national pride and unity against British rule. These cultural events became platforms for political mobilization in Maharashtra. [[1]]

The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president, and 72 delegates attended the inaugural session. [[30]]

The Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) introduced separate electorates for Muslims, expanding legislative councils and allowing limited Indian participation in governance. [[1]]

Ganimi Kava (guerrilla warfare) was Shivaji's military strategy using terrain knowledge, surprise attacks, and quick retreats. It enabled the Marathas to effectively challenge larger Mughal forces. [[1]]

Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) in 1582, a syncretic religion blending elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. It had few followers and declined after Akbar's death. [[1]]

The Iqta system assigned land revenue collection rights to military officers (Iqtadars) in lieu of salary. Iqtadars maintained troops and remitted surplus revenue to the central treasury. [[30]]