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The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Its core focus is:
- Conservation of Marine Biodiversity
- Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
- Prevention of Invasive Alien Species
- Protection of Indigenous Tribes
Answer: Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
The Nagoya Protocol aims to share the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way.
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety deals with the safe handling, transport, and use of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs).
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Cartagena Protocol is an international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling and transport of LMOs resulting from modern biotechnology.
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action adopted at the Earth Summit in 1992. It is primarily related to:
- Nuclear Disarmament
- Global Sustainable Development
- Protection of the High Seas
- Space Exploration
Answer: Global Sustainable Development
Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntary action plan of the UN with regard to sustainable development globally, nationally, and locally.
The Vienna Convention of 1985 is an international framework treaty for the protection of the _____.
- Marine Environment
- Ozone Layer
- Tropical Rainforests
- Antarctic Treaty System
Answer: Ozone Layer
The Vienna Convention established the framework for international cooperation to protect the ozone layer, which led to the Montreal Protocol.
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 is popularly known as the:
- Kyoto Summit
- Earth Summit
- Copenhagen Summit
- Paris Summit
Answer: Earth Summit
The 1992 Rio conference is widely referred to as the Earth Summit, leading to the creation of the UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD.
The Earth Summit, also known as the Rio Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), or Earth Summit, was held in Rio in June 1992.
CITES is an international agreement between governments. What does it aim to regulate?
- Deep-sea mining
- International trade in specimens of wild animals and plants
- Emissions from shipping vessels
- Use of nuclear energy
Answer: International trade in specimens of wild animals and plants
CITES ensures that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species.
The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty aimed at protecting human health and the environment from _____.
- Greenhouse Gases
- Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- Heavy Metals
- Radioactive Waste
Answer: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
POPs are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment globally, persisting for long periods.
The Basel Convention is designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, specifically preventing transfer to less developed countries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Basel Convention controls the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal to protect human health and the environment.
The Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971, is an international treaty primarily focused on the conservation of:
- Migratory Birds
- Wetlands
- Endangered Flora
- Ozone Layer
Answer: Wetlands
The Ramsar Convention provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
In the context of Indian environmental laws, what does CAMPA stand for?
- Central Animal Management and Protection Authority
- Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority
- Coastal Area Monitoring and Protection Agency
- Central Afforestation and Mineral Planning Authority
Answer: Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority
CAMPA manages the funds collected from project proponents diverting forest land for non-forest use for compensatory afforestation.
Project Elephant, aimed at protecting elephants and their habitats, was launched in India in 1992.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Project Elephant was launched in February 1992 as a centrally sponsored scheme to assist states with wild elephant populations.
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notifications are issued by the Ministry of Environment under which of the following acts?
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- Water Act, 1974
- Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Answer: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
CRZ notifications are issued under Section 3(1) and (v) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate coastal development.
The Biological Diversity Act was enacted by the Indian Parliament in _____ to conserve biological diversity.
- 1992
- 1994
- 2000
- 2002
Answer: 2002
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 was enacted to meet the obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in India in:
- 1974
- 1981
- 1986
- 1992
Answer: 1974
The Water Act of 1974 was the first major environmental legislation in India aimed at preventing and controlling water pollution.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) of India was established in the year 2010.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The NGT was established on 18 October 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 for effective disposal of environmental cases.
Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which schedule provides the absolute highest level of protection to species?
- Schedule I
- Schedule II
- Schedule III
- Schedule V
Answer: Schedule I
Schedule I and part II of Schedule II provide absolute protection, and an offence involving these species attracts the highest penalties.
The Forest (Conservation) Act, which restricts the dereservation of forests, was enacted in _____.
- 1927
- 1972
- 1980
- 1986
Answer: 1980
The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to check deforestation and conserve forests, making prior central approval mandatory for non-forest use.
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in India in 1981.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Air Act was enacted in 1981 to provide for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution.
The comprehensive Environment (Protection) Act was enacted by the Indian Parliament in which year?
- 1974
- 1981
- 1986
- 1992
Answer: 1986
Enacted in the wake of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the EPA 1986 is an umbrella legislation for environmental protection in India.