Environment – GK Questions

Battery storage faces challenges of cost, degradation over cycles, and supply chain issues for critical minerals, driving research into alternatives.

CCS involves capturing CO2, transporting it, and injecting it into deep rock formations for long-term isolation from the atmosphere.

Green buildings use energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste reduction strategies for lower ecological footprint.

EVs powered by clean electricity reduce tailpipe emissions and greenhouse gases, contributing to sustainable urban mobility.

Environmental justice addresses disproportionate environmental burdens on marginalized communities and promotes inclusive, equitable policies.

PILs have enabled courts to address environmental degradation, protect ecosystems, and hold authorities accountable for environmental protection.

Despite strong laws, implementation gaps, inadequate monitoring, and industry influence on regulators hinder effective environmental governance.

Intergenerational equity is a core principle of sustainable development, ensuring resource conservation for the well-being of future people.

MoEFCC is the nodal agency for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing environmental and forestry programs in India.

NGT is a specialized judicial body for expeditious disposal of environmental cases, with powers akin to a civil court for evidence and procedure.

The Court held that these international environmental principles are part of customary international law and applicable in India.

Article 51A(g) lists it as a fundamental duty for citizens to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.

Judicial activism has expanded Article 21 to encompass environmental rights, making pollution-free air and water part of the fundamental right to life.

Article 48A (Directive Principles) mandates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.

Effective plastic waste management requires formalizing informal waste pickers and ensuring households segregate waste, which remains a challenge.

The 3Rs prioritize waste prevention (Reduce), extending product life (Reuse), and processing materials for new products (Recycle).

Biomedical waste is treated by autoclaving (steam sterilization) or incineration to destroy pathogens before disposal, as per BMW Rules.

SBM-U focuses on eliminating open defecation, improving solid waste management, and creating behavioral change for cleanliness.

Green bins are designated for wet/biodegradable waste (food scraps, garden waste) to be composted or processed biologically.

Proper e-waste recycling recovers precious metals while preventing toxic substances from contaminating soil and water.