world_organizations hard MCQ

Which of the following is a limitation on the ICJ's contentious jurisdiction?

  1. It can hear cases involving individuals
  2. It can only hear cases where both states have consented to jurisdiction
  3. It can enforce its judgments through military means
  4. It can review decisions of national courts

Answer: It can only hear cases where both states have consented to jurisdiction

ICJ jurisdiction is consensual: states must accept it via special agreement, treaty clause, or optional clause declaration. Without consent, the Court cannot adjudicate. This respects state sovereignty but can limit the Court's ability to resolve disputes where one party refuses participation.

Topic International Court of Justice
Exam Relevance UPSC, SSC
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