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During President's Rule under Article 356, the executive functions of the State government are exercised by the Governor on behalf of the ______.
- Prime Minister
- President
- Chief Justice
- Parliament
Answer: President
State executive during President's Rule: (a) Article 356(1)(a): President may assume to himself all or any functions of State government, (b) Practical implementation: Governor exercises State executive functions on behalf of President, advised by Union Council of Ministers (Article 74), (c) Limits: (i) Governor cannot assume State Legislature powers; those exercisable by Parliament, (ii) Executive actions subject to judicial review for constitutional compliance, (iii) Temporary measure; State government restored post-Emergency, (d) Rationale: Ensure administrative continuity during constitutional breakdown while preserving federal structure for restoration, (e) SR Bommai safeguard: Governor's actions must be based on objective material; courts can invalidate if mala fide or unconstitutional. Illustrates federal balance: temporary Union administration with clear path to State democratic restoration.