Under Article 227, every High Court has superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout its territorial jurisdiction, EXCEPT:
- Subordinate civil courts
- Subordinate criminal courts
- Courts-martial
- Administrative tribunals
Answer: Courts-martial
Article 227: HC has superintendence over all courts/tribunals within its territory, but NOT over courts-martial (military courts) or tribunals constituted under laws relating to armed forces. This exception preserves military justice system's autonomy while ensuring civilian judicial oversight over regular courts.