Constitutional Amendment Bills under Article 368 require special majority in Parliament. What does 'special majority' mean?
- Simple majority of members present and voting
- Majority of total membership and 2/3 of members present and voting
- Unanimous approval of both Houses
- Approval by half of State Legislatures
Answer: Majority of total membership and 2/3 of members present and voting
Article 368(2): Most Constitutional Amendments require: (a) majority of total membership of each House, AND (b) 2/3 majority of members present and voting. Some amendments (federal provisions) additionally require ratification by half of State Legislatures. This ensures broad consensus for constitutional changes.