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In which case did the Supreme Court hold that Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights are complementary and supplementary to each other?
- Champakam Dorairajan case (1951)
- Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
- Minerva Mills case (1980)
- Indira Sawhney case (1992)
Answer: Minerva Mills case (1980)
In Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court held that the Indian Constitution is founded on the bedrock of balance between Fundamental Rights (Part III) and Directive Principles (Part IV). Neither has primacy; they are complementary and supplementary, together forming the core of constitutional philosophy.