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Which statement best describes India's federal structure?
- Purely federal like USA
- Purely unitary like UK
- Federal with unitary bias, flexible to meet national needs
- Confederal with sovereign States
Answer: Federal with unitary bias, flexible to meet national needs
Indian federalism is unique: (a) Federal in normal times (division of powers, independent judiciary, bicameralism), (b) Unitary in emergencies (Centre assumes State powers), (c) Flexible (Parliament can reorganize States, amend Constitution). Designed by Constituent Assembly to balance regional autonomy with national unity in diverse, post-partition India. Evolves through judicial interpretation and political practice.