polity hard mcq

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that right to dignity is intrinsic to Article 21 and forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution?

  1. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
  2. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
  3. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
  4. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Right to dignity jurisprudence: (a) Maneka Gandhi (1978): Expanded Article 21 to include due process; dignity implicit in fair procedure, (b) Puttaswamy (2017): Dignity intrinsic to privacy and liberty; foundational value for fundamental rights, (c) Navtej Singh Johar (2018): Dignity requires respect for sexual orientation; discrimination violates Article 14/15/21, (d) Applications: Decriminalization of homosexuality, transgender rights, rehabilitation of victims, prison reforms. Dignity as interpretive lens: Rights interpreted to enhance human worth, autonomy, respect.

Topic Article 21 Expansion - Right to Dignity
Exam Relevance Dignity as constitutional value critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

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