Indian secularism, as reflected in the Preamble, means the State maintains 'principled distance' from all religions and can intervene to reform religious practices that violate fundamental rights.

Indian secularism model: (a) Not 'wall of separation' like USA (strict non-interference), (b) 'Principled distance': State has no religion but can intervene to: (i) Abolish discriminatory practices (untouchability, triple talaq), (ii) Regulate secular aspects of religion (temple entry, management), (iii) Promote equality within religious communities, (c) Constitutional basis: Articles 25-28 (religious freedom with reasonable restrictions), Preamble (secularism added 1976). Balances religious freedom with social reform and individual rights.