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The 'proportionality test' in judicial review of administrative action requires courts to examine whether:
- The administrative decision was popular among citizens
- The means adopted by administration are rationally connected to legitimate aim and not excessive
- The decision was approved by higher authorities
- The action was taken quickly to address urgency
Answer: The means adopted by administration are rationally connected to legitimate aim and not excessive
Proportionality test (evolved through Puttaswamy, Anuradha Bhasin cases): Four-step analysis: (a) Legitimate aim: Action must pursue valid public interest, (b) Rational connection: Means must be suitable to achieve aim, (c) Necessity: No less restrictive alternative available, (d) Balancing: Benefits must outweigh harm to rights. Applied to: internet shutdowns, privacy restrictions, reservation policies. Ensures administrative actions respect fundamental rights while pursuing public goals.