polity hard mcq

The Inter-State Water Disputes (Amendment) Act, 2019 aims to expedite resolution of water disputes by:

  1. Abolishing all existing tribunals
  2. Creating a permanent Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunal with fixed timelines
  3. Transferring all disputes to Supreme Court
  4. Allowing States to unilaterally decide water sharing

Answer: Creating a permanent Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunal with fixed timelines

Inter-State Water Disputes (Amendment) Act, 2019: Key reforms: (a) Single permanent tribunal replaces multiple ad-hoc tribunals, (b) Fixed timelines: Inquiry completion within 4.5 years, award within 1 year of inquiry report, (c) Award final and binding, with implementation monitoring mechanism, (d) Dispute Resolution Committee for pre-litigation resolution. Addresses delays in existing system (e.g., Cauvery dispute took decades). Challenges: Technical complexity of water sharing, political sensitivities, enforcement of awards. Illustrates ongoing evolution of federal dispute resolution mechanisms.

Topic Federalism - Interstate Water Disputes
Exam Relevance Federal water dispute resolution question critical for UPSC Mains and State PSC exams

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