Indian courts have begun hearing 'climate litigation' cases where citizens invoke Fundamental Rights (Articles 14, 19, 21) to challenge government policies alleged to inadequately address climate change.

Emerging climate litigation in India: (a) Cases filed invoking Article 21 (right to life includes healthy environment), Article 14 (arbitrary climate inaction), Article 19 (right to information on climate policies), (b) Examples: Challenges to coal mining approvals, vehicular emission norms, coastal regulation violations, (c) Courts' approach: Generally defer to executive policy domain but require compliance with environmental laws, public consultation, scientific basis. Illustrates evolving role of judiciary in addressing global challenges through constitutional interpretation; balance between judicial activism and separation of powers remains delicate.