Which recent Supreme Court judgment emphasized that 'Constitutional Morality' must prevail over 'social morality' in matters affecting fundamental rights, particularly for marginalized communities?
- Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
- Navtej Singh Johar case (2018)
- SR Bommai case (1994)
- Minerva Mills case (1980)
Answer: Navtej Singh Johar case (2018)
Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018): 5-judge bench unanimously struck down Section 377 IPC (criminalizing consensual same-sex relations). Held: (a) Constitutional Morality (constitutional values of liberty, equality, dignity) prevails over social morality (majoritarian views), (b) Sexual orientation intrinsic to personality; discrimination unconstitutional, (c) State cannot criminalize private consensual conduct between adults. Landmark judgment affirming inclusive constitutional values and protecting LGBTQ+ rights against majoritarian impulses.