In which case did the Supreme Court direct candidates to disclose criminal antecedents while filing nomination papers?
- Kihoto Hollohan case (1992)
- Association for Democratic Reforms case (2002)
- Lily Thomas case (2013)
- Subramanian Swamy case (2016)
Answer: Association for Democratic Reforms case (2002)
ADR v. Union of India (2002): SC directed ECI to require candidates to disclose: (a) Criminal cases pending, (b) Assets/liabilities of candidate and spouse, (c) Educational qualification. Rationale: Voters' right to know (implicit in Article 19(1)(a)) essential for informed choice. Led to ECI forms requiring these disclosures; foundation for electoral transparency reforms.