The Supreme Court has held that 'voluntarily giving up membership' under Tenth Schedule includes not just formal resignation but also conduct showing ______ with the political party.
- agreement
- disassociation
- collaboration
- consultation
Answer: disassociation
Ravi Naik v. Union of India (1994) and subsequent cases: 'Voluntarily giving up membership' interpreted broadly to include: (a) Formal resignation, (b) Public statements against party, (c) Joining rival party activities, (d) Voting against party whip. Focus on substance over form; prevents technical evasion of anti-defection law while respecting genuine dissent.