The Supreme Court may refuse to issue a writ under Article 32 if:
- The petitioner is not a citizen
- An adequate alternative remedy is available
- The violation is of a Directive Principle
- The respondent is a State Government
Answer: An adequate alternative remedy is available
Though Article 32 is a Fundamental Right, SC exercises discretion: may refuse writ if (a) adequate alternative remedy exists (e.g., statutory appeal), (b) petition is frivolous/mala fide, (c) suppression of facts, (d) delay/laches. However, for grave FR violations or where alternative remedy is illusory, SC entertains petition. Balances access to justice with judicial economy.