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Which statement best captures the relationship between constitutional amendments and the basic structure doctrine in India?
- Parliament can amend any provision including basic structure
- Basic structure is fixed and no amendments are permitted
- Parliament can amend any provision but cannot destroy or alter the basic structure
- Only Supreme Court can initiate constitutional amendments
Answer: Parliament can amend any provision but cannot destroy or alter the basic structure
Indian constitutional amendment framework: (a) Parliament has wide power to amend Constitution under Article 368 (including Fundamental Rights), (b) But Kesavananda Bharati (1973) limits this power: cannot alter basic structure, (c) Supreme Court is final arbiter of what constitutes basic structure, (d) Balance enables constitutional evolution while protecting core democratic values. Unique model blending flexibility with permanence.