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Article 47 directs the State to regard raising the level of nutrition and standard of living of people, and improvement of ______, as among its primary duties, and to endeavor to bring about prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health.
- infrastructure
- public health
- industrial output
- military strength
Answer: public health
Article 47 nutrition, public health, prohibition directive: (a) Text: State shall regard raising level of nutrition, standard of living of people, improvement of public health as among its primary duties; endeavor to bring about prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks, drugs injurious to health, (b) Nutrition and standard of living operationalization: (i) National Food Security Act, 2013: Ensures food security through PDS, ICDS, mid-day meals; addresses malnutrition, hunger, (ii) MGNREGA: Provides income support, enhances purchasing power for food, essential goods, (iii) PMAY, Swachh Bharat: Improve housing, sanitation; enhance living standards, health outcomes, (c) Public health improvement operationalization: (i) Ayushman Bharat: Provides health insurance for vulnerable families; expands access to secondary, tertiary care, (ii) National Health Mission: Strengthens primary healthcare, maternal, child health services in rural, urban areas, (iii) Disease control programs: TB elimination, immunization drives address public health challenges, (d) Prohibition directive: (i) State subject: Prohibition policy varies across States (e.g., Gujarat, Bihar have prohibition; others regulate), (ii) Public health rationale: Reducing alcohol-related harm (health, social, economic) aligns with Article 47 goals, (iii) Implementation challenges: Enforcement difficulties, illicit liquor risks, livelihood impacts require balanced, evidence-based approach, (e) Applications: (i) Integrated approach: Combining nutrition, health, livelihood interventions enables holistic improvement in living standards, (ii) Behavioral change: Awareness campaigns on nutrition, hygiene, substance abuse complement policy interventions, (iii) Monitoring: NFHS, other surveys track progress on nutrition, health indicators; inform policy adjustments, (f) Illustrates comprehensive welfare: Article 47 operationalized through multi-sectoral policies; balance between legislative action, service delivery, behavioral change essential for realizing constitutional vision of healthy, dignified life for all.