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The Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36-51) are classified into three categories. Which of the following is NOT a recognized classification category?
- Socialist principles (welfare state, economic justice)
- Gandhian principles (village self-governance, prohibition)
- Liberal-Intellectual principles (education, environment, international peace)
- Theocratic principles (religious governance, faith-based policy)
Answer: Theocratic principles (religious governance, faith-based policy)
DPSP classification: (a) Socialist principles: Articles 38, 39, 39A, 41, 42, 43, 43A, 47 — promote welfare state, economic justice, reduce inequalities, (b) Gandhian principles: Articles 40, 43, 43B, 46, 47, 48 — reflect Gandhian vision of village self-governance, prohibition, cow protection, tribal welfare, (c) Liberal-Intellectual principles: Articles 44, 45, 48, 48A, 49, 50, 51 — reflect liberal-democratic values: uniform civil code, education, environment, separation of judiciary, international peace, (d) NOT a category: Theocratic principles — Indian Constitution is secular; DPSP do not include faith-based governance principles, (e) Significance: Classification helps understand philosophical foundations of DPSP; balance between socialist welfare, Gandhian decentralization, liberal-democratic values shapes Indian governance, (f) Illustrates synthetic constitutionalism: DPSP blend diverse ideological traditions into coherent framework for transformative governance.