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The Preamble's promise to promote 'unity and integrity of the Nation' is operationalized through federal provisions that balance State autonomy with national cohesion, including the Union's power to reorganize States under Article ______.
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Answer: 3
Unity and integrity in federal context: (a) Article 3: Parliament can by law: (i) Form new States, alter areas, boundaries, names of existing States, (ii) But must refer proposal to affected State Legislature for views (not binding), (iii) Ensures territorial adjustments serve national unity, integrity while respecting federal consultation, (b) Other federal provisions promoting unity: (i) Single citizenship (Articles 5-11): Fosters national identity alongside regional identities, (ii) All India Services (Article 312): IAS, IPS, IFoS serve Union and States, promoting administrative cohesion, (iii) Emergency provisions (Articles 352-360): Enable unified response to existential threats while preserving federal structure post-crisis, (c) Applications: (i) State reorganization: Linguistic, administrative considerations balanced with national unity (e.g., creation of Telangana, 2014), (ii) Article 370: Temporary provision for J&K balanced special status with constitutional integration; abrogation (2019) reflected evolving unity-integrity considerations, (iii) Inter-State disputes: Supreme Court (Article 131), Inter-State Council (Article 263) mediate disputes, preserving unity through dialogue, (d) Illustrates adaptive federalism: Preamble's unity-integrity promise operationalized through federal provisions enabling territorial, administrative adjustments while preserving State autonomy; balance between national cohesion and regional diversity essential to Indian federalism.