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Under Article 368, most Constitutional Amendments require special majority in Parliament. What does 'special majority' mean?
- Simple majority of members present and voting
- Majority of total membership and 2/3 of members present and voting
- Unanimous approval of both Houses
- Approval by half of State Legislatures only
Answer: Majority of total membership and 2/3 of members present and voting
Article 368(2): Special majority = (a) majority of total membership of each House, AND (b) 2/3 of members present and voting. This ensures broad consensus for constitutional changes. Some amendments additionally require ratification by half of State Legislatures (federal provisions).