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In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that if a proclamation under Article 356 is struck down by courts, the State Assembly can be ______ with the Ministry restored, protecting democratic mandate against arbitrary deprivation.
- dissolved permanently
- revived
- reconstituted by Governor
- replaced by Administrator
Answer: revived
SR Bommai Assembly revival safeguard: (a) Context: Challenge to President's Rule with Assembly dissolution in multiple States, (b) Supreme Court holding: (i) If proclamation under Article 356 struck down by court, State Assembly can be revived with Ministry restored, (ii) Dissolution not automatic; extreme step requiring genuine justification, (iii) Floor test primary method to test majority before dissolution considered, (c) Rationale: (i) Democratic mandate: Elected Assembly represents people's will; revival protects democratic mandate against arbitrary deprivation, (ii) Federal balance: Protects State autonomy against arbitrary Centre overreach, (iii) Constitutional morality: Governor, President act as constitutional functionaries, not political agents, (d) Applications: (i) Post-1994: Courts more willing to revive Assemblies if proclamation invalidated, (ii) Political accountability: Governments must justify dissolution with objective material, not political convenience, (e) Illustrates democratic federalism: Assembly revival safeguard ensures State legislative autonomy protected; judicial review prevents arbitrary deprivation of democratic mandate.