GK Question

Answer: True

Political parties and freedom of association: (a) Article 19(1)(c): Right to form associations/unions, including political parties, (b) Article 19(4): Reasonable restrictions for sovereignty, integrity, public order, morality, (c) Proportionality application: (i) Legitimate aim: Electoral integrity, transparency, prevention of criminalization, (ii) Rational connection: Regulations (disclosure requirements, inner-party democracy) suitable to achieve aim, (iii) Necessity: Less restrictive alternatives considered (self-regulation vs. statutory mandates), (iv) Balancing: Benefits of regulation vs. harm to party autonomy, political pluralism, (d) Applications: (i) Electoral reforms: ADR case (2002) mandated candidate disclosure; Electoral Bonds judgment (2024) enhanced political funding transparency, (ii) Party regulation: Election Symbols Order requires recognized parties to conduct inner-party elections, maintain membership records, (iii) Criminalization: Lily Thomas (2013) struck down provision allowing convicted legislators to retain membership, (e) Challenges: (i) Implementation: Ensuring parties comply with disclosure, inner-party democracy requirements, (ii) Political will: Balancing regulation with political pluralism, avoiding partisan misuse, (iii) Awareness: Voters informed about party funding, candidate backgrounds to make informed choices, (f) Illustrates calibrated rights balancing: Freedom of association essential for democracy; proportionality ensures regulations justified, not arbitrary, preserving political pluralism while enhancing electoral integrity.