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During a National Emergency under Article 352, the Indian Constitution's federal structure temporarily acquires unitary features: Parliament can legislate on State List, Union executive can give directions to States, and financial relations tilt towards Centre, but these changes are temporary and reversible post-Emergency.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Emergency federalism transformation: (a) Legislative: Article 250 empowers Parliament to legislate on State List; laws cease 6 months post-Emergency (except things done/omitted before expiry), (b) Executive: Article 353(b) allows Union to give directions to States on 'manner of exercise' of executive power for coordinated crisis response, (c) Financial: Article 354 enables President to modify financial distribution between Union and States during Emergency, subject to Parliamentary approval, (d) Rationale: Ensure unified national response to existential threats (war, external aggression, armed rebellion) while preserving State executive structure for post-crisis restoration, (e) Safeguards: (i) Parliamentary approval within 1 month by special majority, (ii) Judicial review (SR Bommai principles apply), (iii) Time limits prevent permanent centralization, (iv) Restoration of federal normalcy post-Emergency, (f) Historical application: Used during 1962, 1971 Emergencies for defense coordination; not invoked during 1975 Emergency for political purposes post-44th Amendment safeguards, (g) Illustrates federal flexibility: Temporary unitary features for crisis management within constitutional framework; balance between national security and State autonomy.