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The Preamble has been amended only once, by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which added the words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity', subject to the limitation that amendments cannot alter the ______ of the Constitution.
- text
- basic structure
- preamble
- schedule
Answer: basic structure
Preamble amendment history: (a) Original Preamble (1950): 'Sovereign Democratic Republic', (b) 42nd Amendment (1976): Added 'Socialist', 'Secular', 'Integrity' — reflecting Congress party's ideological commitment during Emergency, (c) Kesavananda Bharati (1973) safeguard: Preamble can be amended under Article 368 but basic structure cannot be altered; thus, amendments cannot destroy core Preamble values (democracy, secularism, federalism, etc.), (d) Subsequent practice: No further Preamble amendments despite political changes; reflects consensus on core values, (e) Rationale for safeguards: (i) Prevent transient majorities from altering foundational identity, (ii) Ensure constitutional continuity amid political change, (iii) Balance adaptability with permanence, (f) Illustrates calibrated amendment power: Preamble can evolve to reflect contemporary aspirations but core values protected through basic structure doctrine. Essential for UPSC Mains understanding of amendment limitations.