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The Preamble's assurance of 'dignity of the individual' has been recognized by the Supreme Court as a foundational value underlying Fundamental Rights, informing interpretation of Articles 14, 19, and 21.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Dignity as foundational value: (a) Preamble foundation: 'Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual' — dignity not just outcome but foundational principle guiding constitutional interpretation, (b) Judicial recognition: (i) Maneka Gandhi (1978): Dignity implicit in 'life and personal liberty' under Article 21, (ii) Puttaswamy (2017): Privacy intrinsic to dignity; dignity foundational for Fundamental Rights, (iii) Navtej Singh Johar (2018): Dignity requires respect for sexual orientation; discrimination violates Articles 14, 15, 19, 21, (c) Dignity dimensions: (i) Spatial: Control over physical space, (ii) Decisional: Autonomy over personal choices, (iii) Informational: Control over personal data, (iv) Social: Recognition, respect in community, (d) Applications: (i) Privacy cases: Data protection, surveillance limits, (ii) Gender justice: Shayara Bano (triple talaq), Joseph Shine (adultery), (iii) LGBTQ+ rights: Decriminalization, marriage debate, (iv) Prison reforms: Humane treatment, rehabilitation, (e) Balance: Individual dignity vs. collective welfare; proportionality test ensures restrictions justified, not arbitrary, (f) Illustrates dignity-centric constitutionalism: Preamble value guides interpretation of rights, evaluation of state action, balancing of interests. Essential for UPSC Mains conceptual understanding.