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In recent digital rights cases (Puttaswamy, Anuradha Bhasin), the Supreme Court has applied the proportionality test to balance state interests (security, welfare efficiency) with individual rights (privacy, free speech), requiring restrictions to be rationally connected, necessary, and balanced.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Proportionality test in digital rights jurisprudence: (a) Puttaswamy (2017): Aadhaar authentication balanced privacy vs welfare efficiency: (i) Legitimate aim: Prevent leakage in welfare delivery, (ii) Rational connection: Biometric authentication reduces identity fraud, (iii) Necessity: Less restrictive alternatives considered, (iv) Balancing: Benefits outweigh privacy intrusion for specified uses, (b) Anuradha Bhasin (2020): Internet shutdowns balanced security vs free speech: (i) Legitimate aim: National security/public order, (ii) Rational connection: Shutdowns may prevent misuse, (iii) Necessity: Less restrictive alternatives (targeted restrictions) preferred, (iv) Balancing: Indefinite shutdowns disproportionate; time-bound, published orders required, (c) Impact: Proportionality test now standard for rights-affecting state action; ensures restrictions justified, not arbitrary. Illustrates sophisticated judicial review: calibrated balancing enabling crisis response while protecting core rights.