The literary movement 'Naturalism', which applied scientific principles to fiction, was heavily pioneered by the French author ________.
- Victor Hugo
- Honoré de Balzac
- Émile Zola
- Gustave Flaubert
Answer: Émile Zola
Émile Zola was the leading figure of the Naturalist movement, believing that literature should observe and record reality objectively, much like a scientific experiment.